Definition and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
The shoulder joint is a synovial ball and socket joint between the head of the humerus
Type
Synovial. Ball and socket. Multiaxial
Ligaments
The shoulder joint is stabilized by a number of ligaments
1. transverse humeral ligament
2. coracohumeral ligament
3. glenohumeral ligaments
Movements
The shoulder joint allows movement in all directions:
1. flexion
2. extension
3. abduction
4. adduction
5. medial
6. rotation
7. lateral rotation
8. circumduction
Elbow joint:
Type: synovial. Hinge
Articular surfaces: trochlea of humerus with the trochlear notch of ulna, and capitulum of
humerus with head of radius
Ligaments: capsular, radial collateral and ulnar collateral
Movement: Flexion and extension.
Knee joint:
The knee joint is the largest synovial joint in the body. It consists of:
1. the articulation between the femur and tibia
2. the articulation between the patella and the femur
External ligaments
The main ligaments are-
1. collateral ligaments
2. cruciate ligaments
3. popliteal ligaments
4. patellar ligament
Movements
Possible movements at knee joint are flexion, extension, lateral rotation and medial
rotation.
